California Missions and their Saints
The Spanish missions in California comprise a series of religious and military outposts established by Spanish Catholics of the Franciscan Order between 1769 and 1823 to spread the Christian faith among the local Native Americans. The missions represented the first major effort by Europeans to colonize the Pacific Coast region, and gave Spain a valuable toehold in the frontier land. The settlers introduced European livestock, fruits, vegetables, cattle, horses and ranching into the California region; however, the Spanish occupation of California also brought with it serious negative consequences to the Native American populations with whom the missionaries came in contact. The government of Mexico shut down the missions in the 1830s. In the end, the mission had mixed results in its objective to convert, educate, and "civilize" the indigenous population and transforming the natives into Spanish colonial citizens. Today, the missions are among the state's oldest structures and the most-visited historic monuments. There are 21 missions.
| Spanish Name | English Name |
|---|---|
| La Purísima de Concepcíon | The Immaculate Conception |
| Nuestra Señora de Soledad | Our Lady of Solitude |
| San Antonio de Padua | St. Anthony of Padua |
| San Buenaventura San Buenaventura | St. Bonaventure |
| San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo | St. Charles Borromeo (of Carmel) |
| San Diego de Alcalá | St. Didacus of Alcala |
| San Fernando Rey de España | St. Ferdinand, King of Spain |
| San Francisco de Asís | St. Francis of Assisi |
| San Francisco Solano | St. Francis Solano |
| San Gabriel Arcángel | The Archangel Gabriel |
| San José de Guadalupe | St. Joseph |
| San Juan Bautista | St. John the Baptist |
| San Juan Capistrano | St. John of Capistrano |
| San Luis Obispo de Tolosa | St. Louis, Bishop of Toulose |
| San Luis Rey de Francia | St. Louis, King of France |
| San Miguel Arcángel | The Archangel Michael |
| San Rafael Arcángel | The Archangel Raphael |
| Santa Barbara | St. Barbara |
| Santa Clara de Asís | St. Claire of Assisi |
| Santa Cruz | Holy Cross |
| Santa Inés | St. Agnes |
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St. Rita
St. Rita was born at Spoleto, Italy in 1381. At an early age, she begged her parents to allow her to enter a convent. Instead they arranged a marriage for her. Rita became a good wife and mother, but her husband was a man of violent temper. In anger he often mistreated his wife. He taught their children his own evil ways. Rita tried to perform her duties ... continue reading
St. Sebastian
According to his legend, Sebastian was born at Narbonne, Gaul. He became a soldier in the Roman army at Rome in about 283, and encouraged Marcellian and Marcus, under sentence of death, to remain firm in their faith. Sebastian made numerous converts: among them were the master of the rolls, Nicostratus, who was in charge of prisoners and his wife, Zoe, a deaf ... continue reading
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St. Anastasia
- "excerpts taken from Victories of the Martyrs," by St. Alphonsus de Liguori Taken from the Acts of St. Anastasia, who is mentioned in the Canon of the Mass, and commemorated by the Church [old calendar] on December 25, St. Anastasia was a spiritual child of St. Chrysogonus (also martyred). The time frame is during the Diocletian persecution in the fourth ... continue reading
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St. Gabriel, the Archangel
The name Gabriel means "man of God," or "God has shown himself mighty." It appears first in the prophesies of Daniel in the Old Testament. The angel announced to Daniel the prophecy of the seventy weeks. His name also occurs in the apocryphal book of Henoch. He was the angel who appeared to Zachariah to announce the birth of St. John the Baptizer. Finally, he ... continue reading
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